The civil war amongst the Lê-Trịnh and Mạc dynasties ended in 1592, when the army of Trịnh Tùng conquered Hanoi and executed king Mạc Mậu Hợp. Survivors in the Mạc royal loved ones fled towards the northern mountains within the province of Cao Bằng and ongoing to rule there until finally 1677 when Trịnh Tạc conquered this very